Scientific Calculator
Math & NumbersFree online scientific calculator with trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, and statistical functions for science, engineering, and math.. Free, private — all processing in your browser.
Operator precedence follows the usual order: exponent (^) first, then multiply and divide, then add and subtract. Parentheses override precedence. Trigonometric functions respect the DEG/RAD toggle; inverse trig functions return angles in the same mode. Factorial (!) requires a non-negative integer up to 170. Division by zero, square root of a negative, and out-of-domain inverse trig inputs produce an error.
The Scientific Calculator is a full-featured online calculator with trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, statistical, and advanced math functions. Handles complex expressions with proper operator precedence, radians or degrees for trig, natural and common logarithms, factorials, square roots, powers, and more. Use for math homework, physics calculations, engineering work, statistics, or anywhere a basic calculator isn\u2019t enough.
Alongside standard operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division), the calculator supports: trigonometric (sin, cos, tan, inverse, hyperbolic), logarithms (log base 10, natural ln, log any base), exponents and roots (x², x³, xⁿ, square root, nth root), constants (π, e), factorial (n!), absolute value, parentheses for grouping, memory (M+, M-, MR, MC), and expression history.
Scientific Calculator — key features
Trigonometric functions
sin, cos, tan, inverse and hyperbolic. Radians or degrees.
Logarithms
log (base 10), ln (natural), custom base.
Exponents and roots
x^y, square root, cube root, nth root.
Constants
π (pi), e, and other common math constants.
Factorial
n! for combinatorics.
Parentheses
Group expressions for correct precedence.
Memory
Store and recall values.
History
Previous calculations accessible.
How to use the Scientific Calculator
- 1
Enter expression
Use buttons or keyboard for number and operator input.
- 2
Use functions
sin, cos, log, sqrt, etc. with parentheses for arguments.
- 3
Select mode
Degrees or radians for trigonometric functions.
- 4
Calculate
Press = or Enter for result.
- 5
Use memory
M+, M-, MR, MC for storing values.
Common use cases for the Scientific Calculator
Math and education
- →Homework: Trigonometry, algebra, calculus problems.
- →Test prep: SAT math, GRE quantitative, various exams.
- →Problem solving: Any math beyond basic arithmetic.
Science and engineering
- →Physics: Velocity, acceleration, force, energy calculations.
- →Engineering: Structural, electrical, thermal calculations.
- →Chemistry: Molarity, pH, reaction calculations.
Finance
- →Interest calculations: Basic compound interest, percentage.
- →Statistics: Mean, standard deviation of data.
- →Probability: Combinations, factorials for probability math.
Scientific Calculator — examples
Trigonometric
Simple trig.
sin(30°)
0.5 (using degree mode)
Logarithm
Common log.
log(1000)
3 (10^3 = 1000)
Power
Exponent.
2^10
1024
Factorial
Combinatorics.
10!
3628800 (10 × 9 × 8... × 1)
Complex expression
Order of operations.
2 + 3 × sqrt(16) / 2
2 + 3 × 4 / 2 = 2 + 6 = 8
Technical details
Function support and conventions:
Trigonometric (radians or degrees mode):
- sin, cos, tan
- asin, acos, atan (inverse)
- sinh, cosh, tanh (hyperbolic)
- Radian: Math.sin(π/2) = 1
- Degree mode: Math.sin(90°) = 1 (calculator converts internally)
Logarithms:
- log(x) = log base 10 (common log)
- ln(x) = log base e (natural log)
- logb(base, x) = log any base
Exponents and roots:
- x^y or x**y or pow(x, y)
- sqrt(x) or √x = square root
- cbrt(x) = cube root
- x^(1/n) = nth root
- e^x = exp(x) = exponential
Other:
- abs(x) = absolute value
- x! = factorial
- floor(x), ceil(x), round(x)
- mod(x, y) = x modulo y
Constants:
- π = pi = 3.14159265...
- e = 2.71828...
- Infinity = ∞
Expression parsing respects operator precedence (PEMDAS/BODMAS):
1. Parentheses
2. Exponents
3. Multiplication and Division (left to right)
4. Addition and Subtraction (left to right)
Example: 2 + 3 × 4 = 2 + 12 = 14 (not 20)
With parens: (2 + 3) × 4 = 20
Memory operations:
- M+: add current result to memory
- M-: subtract from memory
- MR: recall memory
- MC: clear memory
Precision: JavaScript float (64-bit IEEE 754) provides ~15-17 significant digits. Fine for most science/engineering. For extended precision, specialized software needed.
Scientific notation: 6.022 × 10²³ can be entered as 6.022e23. Calculator displays large/small numbers in scientific notation automatically.
Common uses and identities:
- sin²(x) + cos²(x) = 1
- sin(π/6) = 0.5
- log(100) = 2
- ln(e) = 1
- e^(iπ) = -1 (Euler, complex — not supported in basic calculator)
Statistical functions (if supported):
- Mean, median, standard deviation of a list of numbers
- Factorial n!
- Combinations n C k = n! / (k! (n-k)!)
- Permutations n P k = n! / (n-k)!
Common problems and solutions
⚠Degrees vs radians
Switch mode before trig calculations. sin(90) in degrees = 1; in radians = 0.894. Always check mode.
⚠Operator precedence
2+3×4 = 14, not 20. Use parentheses if unsure: (2+3)×4 = 20.
⚠Rounding accumulation
Multiple operations may accumulate small rounding. Keep high precision until final; round for display.
⚠Square root of negative
√(-1) is undefined in real numbers (it’s i in complex numbers). Calculator shows error; use complex number calculator for complex roots.
⚠Factorial of non-integer
Factorial defined for non-negative integers only. Gamma function extends to non-integers but requires special support.
⚠Log of 0 or negative
log(0) = -infinity; log of negative = undefined. Check for domain validity.
⚠Precision for very large/small
Beyond ~10^300 or 10^-300, IEEE 754 has issues. For extreme values, use arbitrary precision libraries.
Scientific Calculator — comparisons and alternatives
Compared to physical scientific calculator, this tool works in any browser on any device. Physical calculator reliable during exams (where internet isn\u2019t allowed).
Compared to phone calculator apps, this tool runs in browser without install. Apps offer touch optimization; this tool uses full keyboard.
Compared to Wolfram Alpha or Desmos, this tool is simpler. Those offer more advanced math; this tool for standard scientific calculator needs.
Frequently asked questions about the Scientific Calculator
▶How do I use radians vs degrees?
Switch mode button. Radians standard in math and programming (π rad = 180°). Degrees common in everyday use (90° is right angle). Same function, different unit of angle.
▶What does sin, cos, tan mean?
Trigonometric functions. Relate angles to ratios in right triangles. sin(30°) = 0.5. Used in geometry, physics, and many engineering calculations.
▶What is e?
Mathematical constant ≈ 2.71828. Base of natural logarithm. Appears in growth, decay, statistics, calculus. e^x is its own derivative (special property).
▶What is log vs ln?
log is log base 10 (common log). ln is log base e (natural log). log(1000) = 3. ln(e) = 1. Different bases, same concept.
▶How does memory work?
M+ adds result to memory. M- subtracts. MR recalls stored value. MC clears. Useful for running totals or saving intermediate results.
▶What is factorial?
n! = n × (n-1) × (n-2) × ... × 1. 5! = 120. Used in combinatorics (ways to arrange n objects). 0! = 1 by convention.
▶Is my data private?
Yes. All calculation in your browser. No data sent anywhere.
▶Can I calculate probabilities?
Yes, with combinations n C k = n!/(k!(n-k)!) and permutations nPk = n!/(n-k)!. Some scientific calculators have direct buttons.
Additional resources
- MDN Math — JavaScript Math object reference.
- Math constants — Common mathematical constants.
- Order of operations — PEMDAS/BODMAS precedence rules.
- Trigonometric identities — Common trig identities.
- Logarithm — Background on logarithms.
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